Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran ƙasa da ƙasa na Ahlul-Baiti (ABNA): Muhammad bn al-Hasan al-'Askari da Larabci: (محمد بن الحسن العسکری) (an haife shi a shekara ta 255 hijirya/869 miladiyya), wanda kuma aka fi sani da Imam al-Mahdi (AS) (Larabci: إمام المهدی), shi ne Imam na goma sha biyu a cikin Imaman Shi'ar Goma sha Biyu. Shi ne mai-ceto wanda aka yi wa alkawari, wanda zai bayyana wata rana ya cika duniya da zaman lafiya da adalci. Imam al-Mahdi (AS) yana cikin ɓuya tun farkon rayuwarsa. Shi'awa suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin Imam na zamani. Daga cikin manyan laƙabansa akwai Imam al-Mahdi (Imamin zamani) da Wali l-'Asr (shugaban zamani).
Imam al-Mahdi (AS) ya zama Imam bayan shahadar mahaifinsa Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (AS) a shekara ta 260 hijirya (874 miladiyya), yana da shekaru biyar. Tun daga wannan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 329 hijirya (941 miladiyya), yana hulɗa da mabiyansa ta hanyar Wakilansa Huɗu. Bayan haka, Babban ɓoyewarsa ta fara, wanda a cikin wannan zamani, shugabanci kai tsaye na al'ummar Shi'a yana hannun malaman addini.
Akwai hadisai da yawa da aka ruwaito daga Imammai (AS) game da Imam al-Mahdi (AS), rayuwarsa, ɓoyewarsa, da mulkinsa, kuma an rubuta tarin irin waɗannan hadisai da yawa. Baya ga tarin hadisai, an buga ayyukan littafai da yawa game da Imam al-Mahdi (AS).
A kowace shekara, a ranar goma sha biyar ga watan Sha'ban, Shi'awa suna bikin haihuwar Imam, wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan bukukuwan Shi'a.
Yiwuwar ganin Imam (AS) a lokacin Babban ɓoyuwarsa, lokacin da yadda zai fito, da abubuwan da suka shafi fitowarsa wasu ne batutuwa ne daga cikin tattaunawar da aka fi sani a tsakanin Shi'awa.
Asali Da Haihuwa
A cikin hadisoshin Shi'a, ana kiran Imam na goma sha biyu (AS) da sunaye kamar Muhammad, Ahmad, da 'Abdullah. Duk da haka, ga Shi'awa, an fi saninsa da al-Mahdi wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin laƙabansa.
Bisa ga wasu hadisai, yana dauke da sunan Annabi (SAW). A wasu hadisai da kuma a cikin rubuce-rubucen Shi'a, kamar su al-Kafi da Kamal al-din, an rubuta sunansa da haruffa daban-daban kamar "م ح م د". Wannan ya yi daidai da hadisai da suka hana ambaton sunan Imam al-Mahdi (AS).
Haramcin Ambaton Sunansa
Akwai hadisai da yawa a cikin madogarar Shi'a waɗanda bisa gare su an haramta ambaton ainihin sunan Imam na goma sha biyu (AS). Akwai ra'ayoyi biyu da aka sani game da waɗannan hadisai: ra'ayi na farko, wanda malamai kamar al-Sayyid al-Murtada, al-Fadil al-Miqdad, al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli, da sauransu suka bayyana, ya taƙaita haramcin ga lokacin da Shi'awa suka yi taqiyya (boye addini don tsira). Duk da haka, Mir Damad da al-Muhaddith al-Nuri sun ɗauki haramcin kafin bayyanarsa.
Laqabi Da Sunaye
A cikin madogara daban-daban, addu'o'i, da ziyaroci, ana siffanta Imam na goma sha biyu na Shi'a da laqabai da sunaye daban-daban, waɗanda aka fi sani da su: al-Mahdi (Shiryayye), Ṣāḥib al-Zamān (mai zaman), al-Muntaẓar (wanda ake jira), Baqīyyat Allāh (abin da Allah Ya bari), al-Muntaqim (mai-ɗaukar fansa), al-Maw'ūd (wanda aka yi wa alkawari), Khātam al-Awṣīyā' (Magaji na ƙarshe), al-Ghā'ib (wanda yake ɓoye), al-Ma'mūl (wanda ake fatan bayyanarsa). Wani sanannen laƙabi na Imam al-Mahdi (AS) shine al-Qa'im, wanda a jin sunan sa Shi'awa sukan tashi suka dora hannuwansu a kan kawunansu, kamar yadda Imam al-Rida (AS) yake yi.
Sunaye da laqabai na Imam na goma sha biyu na Shi'a an ambace su a cikin Madogarar Sunni. A cikin waɗannan Madogarar, "al-Mahdi" shine laƙabin da aka fi ambata. Laƙabin "al-Qa'im" ba a samunsa sosai a cikin Madogarar Sunni.
Mahaifiyarsa
Ana anbaton mahaifiyarsa sunaye daban-daban: Narjis, Susan, Saqil ko Sayqal, Haditha, Hakima, Malika, Rayhana, da Khamt. Gabaɗaya, akwai labarai huɗu game da rayuwarta da halayenta. Bisa ga wani hadisi da al-Shaykh al-Saduq ya kawo a cikin littafinsa Kamal al-din wa tamam al-ni'ma, mahaifiyar Imam al-Mahdi (AS) gimbiya ce ta Rum. Kuma a wasu hadisai, ba a ambaci tarihin rayuwarta ba kuma an ce kawai an tarbiyantar da ita kuma ta girma a gidan Hakima, 'yar Imam al-Jawad (AS). Bisa ga wani rukuni na uku na hadisai (da al-Mas'udi ya kawo a cikin littafinsa Ithbat al-wasiyya), mahaifiyar Imam al-Mahdi (AS) ba wai kawai ta girma a gidan 'yar uwan mahaifin Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (AS) ba, har ma an haife ta a can. Rukuni na ƙarshe na hadisai yana da bambanci na asali tare da waɗannan rukuni uku. Bisa ga waɗannan hadisai, mahaifiyar Imam al-Mahdi (AS) baiwa ce baƙar fata. Rukuni na farko na hadisai uku ana iya ɗaukarsu a matsayin masu haɗa kai, amma na ƙarshe ba za a iya daidaita shi da su ba. Duk da haka, wasu malamai sun yi ƙoƙari su daidaita rukunin ƙarshe na hadisai da wasu ta hanyar ɗaukar cewa yana da alaƙa da mai-renon Imam al-Mahdi (AS).
Lokacin Haihuwa
Wasu tsofaffin Madogara ba su yi magana game da ranar haihuwar Imam al-Mahdi (AS) ba, suna ɗaukarta a matsayin sirri. Duk da haka, hadisai da yawa na Shi'a da wasu na Sunni sun ɗauki shekarar haihuwar Imam na goma sha biyu na Shi'a (AS) a matsayin 255 hijirya/869 ko 256 hijirya/870.
Akwai kuma sabani game da watan da Imam (AS) aka haife shi. Mafi yawan malamai sun ɗauke shi a matsayin Sha'ban kamar yadda yawancin tsofaffin Madogarar Shi'a suka shaida. Duk da haka, wasu madogarar Shi'a da Sunni sun ɗauke shi a matsayin Ramadan, kuma wasu Madogarar Sunni sun ɗauke shi a matsayin Rabi' I ko Rabi' II.
A cikin Madogarar tarihi, akwai labarai daban-daban game da ranar da aka haifi Imam na goma sha biyu (AS), wanda aka fi sani shine Sha'ban 15 (Yuli 29, 869). Wannan ranar malamai Shi'a kamar al-Kulayni, al-Mas'udi, al-Shaykh al-Saduq, al-Shaykh al-Mufid, al-Shaykh al-Tusi, Fattal al-Nisaburi, al-Tabrisi, Ibn Tawus, Ibn Taqtaqi, al-Allama al-Hilli, al-Shahid al-Awwal, al-Kaf'ami, da al-Shaykh al-Baha'i, da malamai Sunni kamar Ibn Khallikan, Ibn Sabbagh al-Maliki, al-Sha'rani al-Hanafi, da Ibn Tulun suka ruwaito. Bisa ga wasu rahotanni, da aka ambata a cikin Kamal al-din na al-Saduq, ranar haihuwar Imam (AS) ita ce ranar Alhamis na farko na Ramadan ko ɗaya daga cikin Alhamisai a cikin Ramadan.
Wurin Haihuwa
Masana tarihi da suka yi magana game da batun sun kawo cewa an haifi Imam al-Mahdi (AS) a gidan mahaifinsa, Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (AS), a Samarra. Gidan yanzu yana cikin mashahurin wurin ziyarar Imam al-Hadi (AS) da Imam al-'Askari (AS). Imam al-Hadi (AS) da Imam al-'Askari (AS) an kira su zuwa Samarra, cibiyar daular Khalifanci Abbasawa, shekaru da yawa kafin haihuwar Imam al-Mahdi (AS) kuma sun zauna a can har zuwa lokacin da suka yi shahada.
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